- 28.02.2026
Chinese artificial intelligence: The rise of the new superpower and the challenge to U.S. hegemony
The global technological landscape has undergone a radical shift, in which the race for dominance is no longer limited to military power or traditional economics, but has moved into the realm of artificial intelligence (AI). China, with its incredible advances in this field, stands today to pose an unprecedented challenge to the United States. This competition is not just a race to build the biggest model, but a deep strategic struggle over how to integrate AI into the core of the economy and society. In this report, we review China's unique strategy, compare its grand models, and analyze the geopolitical dimensions of this conflict, with a special focus on the direct impact on the Middle East and Saudi Arabia. 1. The Global AI Race: The opposing strategies of China and the United States 1-1. Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) versus Artificial Artificial Intelligence (AI): Where does the focus lie? The fundamental difference between the two superpowers' strategies lies in the definition of "success" in AI. The US, led by Silicon Valley companies, is primarily focused on achieving Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), i.e. developing systems capable of self-improvement and outperforming human cognitive abilities in a wide range of cognitive tasks. This focus is exemplified by large language models (LLMs) such as GPT-4, which require massive investments in supercomputing and big data. In stark contrast, China is adopting a different strategy, focused on integrating AI into the "physical economy" on a large scale. [...]
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